Moreover, when force is applied, the remnant continues to bite in even more. This burr acts similar to a split type lock washer which bites into the mating material, increasing the torque required to extract it. When attempting to remove a bolt or stud and it fractures, a burr is often created when the bolt fails. This increases the risk of fracturing the bit and complicating the repair. But, in reality, depending on the condition, the broken remnant may have corrosion in the path to extraction, jamming and locking the stud in. The objective is to get the drill bit to bite into the remnant of the stud. Next, the tech puts the left-handed drill bit into the chuck and drills the hole in reverse. Then, a guide point is applied with a center punch. To use a left-handed drill bit to extract a broken bolt or screw, the bolt must be ground as flat as possible. This is the only style of extractor that ProMAXX Tool uses in our exhaust manifold repair kits due to its effectiveness, durability, and predictability on break-torque. To extract, the technician drops the slip nut over the spline to back the stud out.Īlthough more expensive than the other types, the advantage of the extractor with a turn nut is its resistance to deforming the broken stud or bolt, while delivering an equal distribution of force and torque directly to the extractor. They are far more effective and because of their larger cross-section at the points of contact, they resist breakage and provide higher break-torque specifications as well. This type of extractor allows for both clockwise and counterclockwise rotation so a technician can unlock the broken remnant by simply turning the extractor in either direction. These extractors have six narrow sides, or splines, that cut into the remnant which offer increased points of contact and surface area inside the pilot hole. The technician drills a hole in the broken stud or screw, then hammers in the flute, as with the previous two examples. Straight fluted or splined extractors with a turn nut are just as simple to install as a straight fluted or spiral fluted extractor but with several key benefits. Straight fluted extractors with a turn nut However, harder material manufacturing brings about a more brittle extractor with a higher tendency to break without warning. Although usually higher on the Rockwell scale of the two tapered types, spiral fluted tapered extractors are best used in harder materials. Both types can complicate the extraction process due to this ability to simply deform the broken remnant and actually pinch the bolt into the mating material. Identical to the straight tapered fluted extractors, they bite on the tangent of the hole with minimum contact. Once set, the technician will use a pair of vice-grips to remove the remaining portion of the broken stud. Spiral fluted tapered extractors operate in the same manner as a straight fluted tapered extractor however, instead of hammering them in as in straight fluted extractors, they screw in by turning the square head with a wrench or socket that sinks the extractor into the pilot hole of the broken bolt. This low-cost option is usually best for soft materials like aluminum or softer metals under a Rockwell “c” scale Rc of 15 or less. Because they grip on the tangent of the interior drilled hole surface in usually just two places, they can easily lose their bite or worse yet, break off in the remnant set for removal. The problem with these types of extractors is the break-torque is often not specified simply because of the variations in quality make it unpredictable and unreliable. The technician will then use a pair of vice-grips or a wrench by turning the extractor counter-clockwise in an attempt to remove the remaining remnants. As in most common screw extractors, a pilot hole is drilled then hammered in a tapered, four-sided piece of hardened steel that attempts to grip the inside of the drilled hole. Usually imported from China, they are made from low-cost steel and heat-treated to improve durability. Straight-fluted-extractors are a simple and low-cost option for removing a broken bolt or screw.
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The mapping on this website is provided by external mapping providers and is for general information purposes only. CO₂ and fuel economy figures may vary according to factors such as driving styles, environmental conditions, load, wheel fitment and accessories. The figures provided are manufacturer’s estimates and will be replaced with the official EU test figures as soon as they are available. Range figures are based upon production vehicle over a standardised route. CO₂, fuel economy, energy consumption and range figures may vary according to factors such as driving styles, environmental conditions, load, wheel fitment, accessories fitted, actual route and battery condition. It’s this affinity with the cars and their heritage that brings accuracy, authenticity and a unique spirit to each component part. They are accurate recreations of the originals, engineered to the finest tolerances by craftsmen who live and breathe Land Rover Classic. The figures provided are as a result of official manufacturer's tests in accordance with EU legislation with a fully charged battery. Classic Genuine Parts are no mere reproductions. The highest figures refer to the least economical/heaviest set of options. Find Discovery, Range Rover and other Land Rover series parts and accessories at Atlantic British. The lowest figures refer to the most economical/lightest set of options. Land Rover parts and Land Rover accessories galore. Please contact your local retailer for local availability and prices.įigures are shown as a range under WLTP testing measures. Some vehicles are shown with optional equipment and retailer-fit accessories that may not be available in all markets. Some features may vary between optional and standard for different model years. The information, specification, engines and colours on this website are based on European specification and may vary from market to market and are subject to change without notice. Jaguar Land Rover Limited is constantly seeking ways to improve the specification, design and production of its vehicles, parts and accessories and alterations take place continually, and we reserve the right to change without notice. Please consult your Retailer who will be able to confirm any current restrictions with you in order to allow an informed choice. This is a very dynamic situation, and as a result imagery used within the website at present may not fully reflect current specifications for features, options, trim and colour schemes. The global shortage of semiconductors is currently affecting vehicle build specifications, option availability, and build timings. Important note on imagery & specification. We'll make sure you get the right ones, and provide you with consultation on what you need if you're unsure while providing estimates and installation for you here in our parts and service center.Jaguar Land Rover Limited: Registered office: Abbey Road, Whitley, Coventry CV3 4LF. To order parts, you can fill out our online form, or contact us to get the right car or SUV accessories you need near Winter Haven. We Can Connect You with the Right Parts at Land Rover Lakeland near Valrico As for aftermarket parts, those aren't allowed on our premises because they can't withstand the power of your Discovery Sport, Defender, Range Rover, Range Rover Sport or Range Rover Velar. Therefore, we can contact them if there are any difficult to find products that your vehicle needs. We have a relationship with our luxury OEM. Rather than expect an independent shop to carry these parts, come to the source. If you need tires, wiper blades, or brake pads, rotors, and drums, we're prepared to get you what you need. Shop Our luxury SUV Parts & Find the Right Fit for Your Vehicle Near Kissimmee When your luxury vehicle comes to us for maintenance, our team uses only the best products for a proper fit, and if you love a DIY project, you'll also have access to these parts at Land Rover Lakeland. What difference do OEM-approved parts make in your Discovery Sport, Defender, Range Rover, Range Rover Sport or Range Rover Velar? There is a significant advantage to using only parts designed for your exact vehicle, and it's a bigger deal than one might think. Welcome to Our Parts Department near Winter Haven OEM-Approved Parts Available at Land Rover Lakeland Participants will be taken to the activity, where they must pass a post-test and complete an online evaluation. TO EARN CREDIT FOR THIS ACTIVITY Participants should study the article, log onto click on the "CME/CE Center" tab at the top of the page and type in keyword: COG102007. Recognize the need to distinguish between HSV-1 and HSV-2, correctly interpret type-specific serology results, and identify the points to cover in counseling serodiscordant couples to avoid HSV transmission.Summarize the strategies for HSV diagnosis in women with lesions and in women without lesions or with a history of lesions.Identify who should have HSV serologic testing and the recommended HSV serologic tests as well as when to consider confirmatory tests.Recognize the reasons for the genital herpes epidemic in the United States and the prevalence of genital HSV-2 and HSV-1 cases.TARGET AUDIENCE Obstetrician/gynecologists and women's health practitioners.ĮDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES After completing the following CME activity, the reader should be able to: Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. cme 2 is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.Ĭme 2 designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. ACCREDITATION This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint sponsorship of CME2, Inc. Rain sung it in different pitches, with an intentionally uneven tempo, in monotone, and eventually, he even just hummed it. Kubrick, famous for being a perfectionist and for frequently forcing his actors to do dozens and dozens of takes, made Douglas Rain sing "Daisy Bell" over and over again in a variety of ways, so that he could get it just right. Clarke witnessed a demonstration of this computer's unusual talent during a visit to Bell Labs, and he was so captivated by it that he decided to incorporate the song into his novel. The singer was an IBM 7094 mainframe computer at Bell Laboratories. The reason that it was chosen as the song HAL would sing was because, in our real world, it was the first song to ever be "sung" by computerized speech. If you couldn't identify the tune though HAL's distorted wailing, it's called "Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two)," a song from all the way back in 1892. Such a machine could eventually become as incomprehensible as a human being, and could, of course, have a nervous breakdown - as HAL did in the film." Most advanced computer theorists believe that once you have a computer which is more intelligent than man and capable of learning by experience, it's inevitable that it will develop an equivalent range of emotional reactions - fear, love, hate, envy, etc. In an interview, Stanley Kubrick gave a quote which supports this reading, saying, "In the specific case of HAL, he had an acute emotional crisis because he could not accept evidence of his own fallibility. HAL then killed the crew in self-defense, or perhaps murder with aggravated circumstances, depending on your perspective. However, this one error led to Dave and Frank thinking that HAL was untrustworthy and needed to be disconnected. In this reading, this is the only true malfunction HAL has throughout the film. Regardless, Rain's voice was perfect for the eerily calm AI.Īnother, slightly more complex version of this idea was that HAL had a different, much smaller glitch when he reported to Dave that there was a problem with the ship's antenna. And in his case, that was Canada. Perhaps this common perception that Canadian accents are difficult to place for Americans is why they manage to get work so often as news anchors in the United States. Yet it turns out that Rain, like everyone, did come from a specific place. He was initially considering using Rain as the narrator for the 2001: A Space Odyssey, but once he decided to not include any narration in the film, Kubrick realized that Rain's eerily calm delivery and difficult to place " bland mid-Atlantic accent" were exactly what he was looking for in a voice for HAL. In the end, Kubrick settled on Douglas Rain, who had previously narrated a 1960 documentary called Universe, which Kubrick apparently liked a great deal. To find a new HAL, Kubrick sent out set assistant Benn Reyes to find an actor with a voice that would be "neither patronizing, nor is it intimidating, nor is it pompous, overly dramatic or actorish. In the 2009 Film Funny People Seth Rogen can be seen wearing a Zankou Chicken shirt.In the TV series Bosch (2016, Season 3, Episode 5, at 31 minutes), Detective Jerry Edgar offers a bag of food from Zankou Chicken to Harry Bosch, as a peace offering.The Zankou Chicken Murders were featured in the 32nd episode of " My Favorite Murder".Food called Zankou Chicken a "can't miss". Zankou Chicken is a subject in Rob Delaney's book Mother.Marti Noxon, who co-produced Buffy the Vampire Slayer, called Zankou Chicken one of her "go-to" take out spots.Zankou Chicken inspired a fictional Palestinian chicken restaurant in Curb Your Enthusiasm, so good that "it could end the rift in the Middle East".A Zankou Chicken location is mentioned as a wayfinding point as part of driving directions given in the Saturday Night Live sketch "The Californians" (in "Stuart Has Cancer").The music video for Childish Gambino's song "Sober" from his EP Kauai was filmed in the original Hollywood location.The restaurant was mentioned by Beck (rhyming "Zankou chicken" with "ripe for the pickin'") in his song " Debra", from the album Midnite Vultures.In 2013, Zankou Chicken was one of the contributors for Green Armenia, which brings attention to environmental problems faced by the people of Armenia. Iskenderian, Mardiros Iskenderian's widow Rita unsuccessfully sought to attain sole control of the Zankou Chicken trademark. In the California Court of Appeal case Iskenderian v. The repercussions of this event, and the lasting division of the brand into two family factions, impeded the continuing growth of the business despite the restaurants' popularity. Iskenderian was in the late stages of colon and brain cancer, which is believed to have had an effect on his mental faculties. On January 14, 2003, after a heated argument, Zankou Chicken owner Mardiros Iskenderian shot and killed his sister, Dzovig Marjik, and his mother Margarit Iskenderian he then killed himself in a double-murder suicide. (The original location and Montebello locations are not listed on the website Rita Iskenderian owns the website and doesn't include them.) Since opening, Zankou Chicken has expanded and includes the following locations in the greater Los Angeles area: East Hollywood, Hollywood, West Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, Pasadena, Toluca Lake, Van Nuys, Montebello, Anaheim, Huntington Beach, and Santa Clarita. The new restaurants would be owned by Mardiros, while the original Sunset and Normandie store would be owned by his parents and two sisters. In 1991, the family agreed to divide the business when Mardiros wanted to open additional restaurants. The restaurant is especially known for its thick, paste-like garlic sauce, created by Vartkes' wife, Markrid and widely imitated. The first restaurant in Los Angeles opened in an East Hollywood neighborhood called Little Armenia and is located at the corner of Sunset Boulevard and Normandie Avenue. This included Armenian and Lebanese compatriots who fled Lebanon during the civil war. After considering opening a dry cleaning business or selling men's suits, Iskenderian recognized a lack of restaurants catering to the growing Middle Eastern immigrant population in Los Angeles. The chain was established within the United States in 1983 by his son, Mardiros Iskenderian, after the family immigrated to Los Angeles, California. The first Zankou Chicken opened in 1962 in the Bourj Hammoud neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon, by Armenian Vartkes Iskenderian and his family. The restaurants are especially known for their spit-roasted chicken, shawarma, falafel, tahini, and a "secret" garlic sauce. After about an hour, the flavors will blend together nicely and the texture will take on that library paste consistency like Zankou's sauce.Zankou Chicken is a small, family-owned chain of Armenian and Mediterranean fast casual restaurants located in the Los Angeles area.
This tool works on any device, so you can flip GIFs on your phone, computer, or tablet, regardless of operating system. Kapwing is a trusted online video, image, and GIF editor that supports the vast array of necessities for creating, editing, and sharing content. Whether you want to flip a GIF of someone flipping a table or mirror a reaction GIF to add to your next presentation on Google Slides, you can do so in only a few clicks online. Flip vertically to mirror your GIF, essentially duplicating it to mirror itself. Flip a GIF horizontally to have your GIF reflect itself, similarly to how we look at our reflections in a lake. No matter your approach to journaling, having a well-designed page where you can jot down your thoughts, reflections, and plans can. In May 2017, Lyrebird, a Montreal-based AI startup, claimed to be able to. In 2016, Adobe released a tool, VoCo, which only needed 20 minutes of listening to someone’s voice before being able to co-opt it. Kapwing’s GIF flipper and rotating tool lets you change the orientation of your GIF in any direction. Similarly, use as a reflection tool with your family, housemates, wider spiritual family on mission or missional community. Meme Reflection Technologies have become available to falsify people’s voices, so that you can make them say anything you want. GIFs tend to be too short for platforms like Facebook, Instagram, or Discord to edit on your own in the app.Ĭreate, edit, and post your GIF exactly the way you want with Kapwing. Lens flare can add a warm softness to backlit portraits, define landscape shots, and help you. Once considered an accident caused by flaws in a camera lens, lens flare is now a deliberate stylistic choice you can use to produce stunning results. Additionally, memes can provide a more approachable, creative, and fun experience for those involved. This light can show up in the form of circles, rings, starbursts, or an allover haze in your photo. Memes can also be a useful tool to amplify and support remote qualitative data collection. The catch- you have to be editing a video. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Memes can help qualitative research relationships by building rapport between the researcher and participant (s). Today, numerous platforms have built-in rotating tools that enable you to flip or mirror your content. 614 likes, 17 comments - wombankind on July 22, 2023: 'I recently wrote a meme which stated stop romanticising ease. However, in some cases a negative inventory can lead to a negative supply-chain. In most instances, negative inventory is self-correcting: a temporary misalignment of inventory level reporting and actual levels on the ground. Successful inventory management is a key focal point for companies as it allows them to better manage their overall business in terms of sales, costs, and relationships with their suppliers. Negative inventory is the gap between your actual on-hand inventory and the stock recorded in your inventory system. Inventory is the value of all the goods ready for sale or all of the raw materials to create those goods that are stored by a company. Inventory management is a key success factor for companies as it allows them to better manage their costs, sales, and business relationships.Moving average inventory allows a company to track inventory from the last purchase made.in a lower cost of goods sold and a higher ending inventory because the cost of. Average inventory figures can be used as a point of comparison when looking at overall sales volume, allowing a business to track inventory losses. The market value of inventory is defined as the replacement cost (RC) as.Average inventory is the mean value of an inventory within a certain time period, which may vary from the median value of the same data set.Average inventory is a calculation that estimates the value or number of a particular good or set of goods during two or more specified time periods.The risk of such a write down increases if inventory is held for a long period of time, or if market prices are volatile. In addition, if it is found that the market value of inventory items has declined, they are to be recorded at the lower of their cost or market value. How to Account for Ending InventoryĮnding inventory is recorded at its acquisition cost. A variation where goods are purchased in final form from manufacturers and then resold is called merchandise. The final type of inventory is finished goods, which is fully complete goods, ready for sale. The second inventory type is work-in-process, which is raw materials that are in the process of being transformed into finished goods. The first is raw materials, which is the materials used to construct completed goods, which have not yet been transformed. Ending inventory refers to the sellable inventory you have left over at the end of an accounting period. This means that the company may reduce the cost of goods by 500 to make up for extra inventory in its financial accounts. Its ending inventory is 8,500, which shows there is an overstatement of 500 in the final inventory amount. Under the periodic system, the cost of goods sold is derived as follows:Ĭost of goods sold = Beginning inventory + Purchases - Ending inventoryĮnding inventory is comprised of three types of inventory. Related: Inventory: Definition and Methods for Management. The net purchases portion of this formula is the cost of any new product or inventory items bought during the accounting period. Days in Period means the number of days in the period, such as an accounting period, that is being examined the period may. Ending inventory Beginning inventory + Net purchases - Cost of goods sold In this formula, your beginning inventory is the dollar amount of product the company has at the onset of the accounting period. Cost of Sales is also known as Costs of Goods Sold. number of units costs ) between ending inventory and cost 263A of property a taxpayer sells or is calculated of goods sold using a defined ratio rather. Where: Average inventory (Beginning inventory + Ending inventory) / 2. Accurately assessing ending inventory is essential for a clear picture of the company’s assets, profit and tax liability. The aggregate cost of this inventory is used to derive the cost of goods sold of a business that uses the periodic inventory system. Ending inventory is an inventory accounting term that represents the total value of inventory you have ready to sell (or finished goods). Days Inventory Outstanding (Average inventory / Cost of sales) x Number of days in period. Ending inventory, defined as the value of sellable inventory remaining at the end of an accounting period, is a crucial metric for any business that sells goods. Ending inventory is the cost of those goods on hand at the end of a reporting period. Case II Under Perpetual Inventory System. X Research source Cracking tools work by brute force (basically, trying all characters from a character set), dictionary attacks (using word lists), or a combination of multiple cracking methods. These tools are for advanced users who have access to the hash or shadowed version of the password-you won't be able to use password crackers to try a bunch of logins on a website. Password cracking tools can crack passwords on Linux, Windows, or macOS. For example, a pet's name followed by the year of birth. People often use the names of their pets, partners, or other significant people in their lives in their passwords-you can try these names, along with any numbers you think are important to that person.People often use digits from their own phone numbers, social security numbers, birthdates, and other significant numbers as their phone PINs. If you want to access a phone, like an iPhone or Android, the password or PIN will usually be easier to guess as it'll be fewer characters and (almost always) just numbers.Our handy guide to guessing passwords will be very helpful if you're not sure where to start!. This can help you narrow down the options. Before you start guessing, figure out the minimum password requirements for the site or service, such as how many characters are required, and whether there needs to be a mix of upper- and lower-case letters, numbers, and symbols. This can be a little risky, as too many guesses may lock you out of the account. If you know the password requirements of the site or service you want to access, you might be able to guess the password.
And I doubled down on working with regulars only. I always made sure that I had references from other girls, who had. I no longer went in cars with new clients. What I did do is that I no longer took risks. At that point I had just been a few thousand dollars away from saving for my sex reassignment. Survival was all too loud of a siren for me. I wish that I could say it scared me straight. On continuing to do sex work after being robbed and beaten by a john I look at it with a deep sadness, a deep sadness that that was her only option to take care of herself. I felt empowered.Īs the 36-year-old woman, 20 years removed from that, I look at it with great complication. I no longer felt as if I had no resources, and so for me, at that time period as that 16-year-old, it felt incredibly powerful. I have my identity and I have my body, and I can use my body as an asset to take care of myself in this world." I no longer felt as poor. I thought, "Oh, I have an asset in this world. For a poor kid, a poor trans kid, a poor trans kid of color, that $60 was a great way of taking care of myself, and so I thought about it in survival. I could buy spam musubis in the morning from 7-Eleven. I could buy myself clothes that my mom can't afford. I could pay for two months of my Premarin pills. and one of my friends said, "He wants to take you on a date," and I was like, "What does he want me to do?" and she was like, "He will pay you $60 if did a sexual act with him." And all I thought was $60, wow. I could never have sex with men in the backseats that their cars."Īnd I remember, maybe a year later, a car pulled over for me. I went very much with my student government and National Honor Society hat on, thinking, "I could never do what these women are doing. It was deeply a space of sisterhood and socializing for me. I went dressed up with my friends we hung out with older girls, and when I say older girls I was 15 and some of them were 18 to 25, but they were light-years ahead of us in terms of their identities and their own transitions, of their confidence in their bodies, of proclaiming themselves to themselves and to one another. when I was 15 years old, I went for the first time. Merchant Street is a street in Honolulu, Hawaii in downtown Honolulu. I was introduced to it first just as a hangout spot. My experiences in the sex trades and in sex work so deeply complicated. The fact that they're the most sensational things for you, as a non-trans person, as a cis person, I think says a lot about how we've framed trans people as these objects of dissection, of modern-day freak shows in a way. They're the least interesting things about me. The things that I've had to do medically to my body don't define me. And so one of the great gifts of writing for television and writing for these characters is all the things that I may not have been bold enough to say - say in an interview or at a dinner party when someone finds out that I'm trans, or I bring it up in my work, and they're astounded and they start asking all of these strange, invasive questions. I've spent my entire youth and life fighting against that. I've been very transparent about my struggles with my body, and with a society that is constantly trying to contain me and label me and define me. Part of my public work is talking about my life experiences and what I've gone through. On using Pose characters to say things she hasn't been bold enough to say herself They create new networks of survival, of creativity, of love and sustenance, that enables young folk to blossom in the absence of not having their birth families oftentimes supporting and truly affirming and loving them. It's all about the mothers who take in these children after themselves being pushed out of their own homes. Chosen family is one that our show definitely centers and celebrates. It's the idea of chosen family, which LGBTQ folk know all too well, for their own survival. them food, shelter, clothing, life experiences, advice. There's often a mother and a father who is the head of the household, who takes in kids, takes in young people, takes in queer folk who've been rejected by their own families and takes care of them. On "houses," or chosen families within the ball community You should brush twice a day for two to three minutes at a time using a soft-bristled brush and fluoride toothpaste. Do that, as well as regularly visit with your dentist, and tartar will never be a problem. Plaque occurs before calculus, so the focus should be on removing and disturbing plaque on a daily basis. In some cases, oral surgery may be necessary in order to treat gum loss or bone loss that has occurred. Periodontitis usually requires your dentist to perform scaling and root planing. This allows the bacteria to attack not just the gum tissue but connective tissue and the supporting bone structures. Plaque continues to accumulate in these pockets and harden into tartar. The Mayo Clinic notes that pockets deeper than 4 millimeters are an indication of more advanced gum disease. Gums can recede prior to periodontitis but become a common symptom at this point. This generally happens because plaque has spread below the gumline, and tartar often helps this growth. Gingivitis will eventually progress to a more advanced stage of gum disease known as periodontitis. Gingivitis is reversible, and caught early enough, improved oral care at home may be the only treatment needed. Gingivitis can be rather silent in terms of symptoms, and when it does manifest symptoms, those include redness, swelling, and minor bleeding. The earliest stage of gum disease is gingivitis. Plaque causes periodontal disease, and this can occur before plaque has hardened into dental calculus. Subgingival Calculus and Periodontal Disease Your dentist will numb the tooth roots and gums to avoid any discomfort. Once found, your dentist will recommend cleaning it, which requires scraping using specialized dental tools. Often, patients are not even aware of subgingival calculus, and their dentists have to detect it using a dental explorer. This includes the cementum, which is weaker than even dentin, but also connective tissues and bone. Subgingival calculus not only affects your gums but aspects of your mouth below the gums. While supragingival calculus tends to be yellowish or whitish in color, subgingival calculus tends to be dark brown and even green or black. The difference is its position relative to the gumline. The Qualities of Subgingival CalculusĪs mentioned in the introduction, calculus can form above the gumline-supragingival-or below it-subgingival. That biofilm collects calcium, phosphorous and other minerals in the mouth, which is what causes the film to harden and to develop a much stronger adhesive bond. That plaque can accumulate anywhere in the mouth where it has access to nutrients, and bacteria on a shared surface form communities known as biofilm. Plaque forms as bacteria interacts with food particles and your saliva. Plaque can be removed by brushing and flossing, but tartar must be scraped away by a dental professional. When it calcifies, it bonds to those surfaces, not unlike how barnacles bond to boat hulls. Plaque is a sticky film that adheres to your teeth and other surfaces in your mouth. Subgingival calculus can result in gum disease and eventually tooth loss. Calculus can be either supragingival-above the gumline-or subgingival-below the gumline. Lacking good oral hygiene, plaque will not only build up but calcify into dental calculus, which is often called tartar. Plaque begins to form in your mouth whenever you eat, which is why diligent oral care is so important to oral health. |
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